
smbpasswd (8)

Samba
23 Oct 1998

NAME

smbpasswd - change a users SMB password
smbpasswd - ıûSMB 

SYNOPSIS
﷨
smbpasswd [-a] [-d] [-e] [-D debug level] [-n] [-r remote_machine] [-R name 
resolve order] [-m] [-j DOMAIN] [-U username] [-h] [-s] username

DESCRIPTION

This program is part of the Samba suite.
˳samba׼һ֡ 

The smbpasswd program has several different functions, depending on whether it 
is run by the root user or not. When run as a normal user it allows the user to 
change the password used for their SMB sessions on any machines that store SMB 
passwords.
smbpasswdм̫һĹܣȡroot˺Ż˺ʹáͨ
ʱûͨSMBỰκαSMBĻϸıǵĿ

By default (when run with no arguments) it will attempt to change the current 
users SMB password on the local machine. This is similar to the way the passwd 
(1) program works. smbpasswd differs from how the passwd program works however 
in that it is not setuid root but works in a client-server mode and communicates 
with a locally running smbd. As a consequence in order for this to succeed the 
smbd daemon must be running on the local machine. On a UNIX machine the 
encrypted SMB passwords are usually stored in the smbpasswd (5) file.
Ĭ()᳢ڱظı䵱ǰûSMBpasswd 
(1)Ĺʽơsmbpasswdpasswdsetuid rootԻǲһģ
ǵڿͻ-ģʽ뱾еsmbdͨʱΪʵĽsmbd
ػڱСUNIXͨsmbpasswd (5)SMBļܿ

When run by an ordinary user with no options. smbpasswd will prompt them for 
their old smb password and then ask them for their new password twice, to ensure 
that the new password was typed correctly. No passwords will be echoed on the 
screen whilst being typed. If you have a blank smb password (specified by the 
string "NO PASSWORD" in the smbpasswd file) then just press the <Enter> key when 
asked for your old password.
ͨûѡʱsmbpasswdʾԭSMBѯ
ΣʱȷȷʱĻʾκοַһSMB
(smbpasswdļлִָNO PASSWORD)Ļڳʾԭʱֱ
<Enter>

smbpasswd can also be used by a normal user to change their SMB password on 
remote machines, such as Windows NT Primary Domain Controllers. See the (-r) and 
-U options below.
ͨûҲԶ(NT)smbpasswdǵSMBϸ
µ(-r)-Uѡ

When run by root, smbpasswd allows new users to be added and deleted in the 
smbpasswd file, as well as allows changes to the attributes of the user in this 
file to be made. When run by root, smbpasswd accesses the local smbpasswd file 
directly, thus enabling changes to be made even if smbd is not running.
rootʱsmbpasswdsmbpasswdļɾûҲԸıûԡ
ʱֱӷʱsmbpasswdļsmbdûʱҲԡ

OPTIONS
ѡ 
  -a 
  This option specifies that the username following should be added to the local 
  smbpasswd file, with the new password typed (type <Enter> for the old 
  password). This option is ignored if the username following already exists in 
  the smbpasswd file and it is treated like a regular change password command. 
  Note that the user to be added must already exist in the system password file 
  (usually /etc/passwd) else the request to add the user will fail.
  ͨѡûʵڱsmbpasswdļûͬʱṩµĿ(
  ʾԭʱ<Enter>)smbpasswdļѾûʱͱͨĸĿ
  ģʽע⣬ҪSMBûϵͳļ(ͨ/etc/passwd)Ѿڵû
  ʧܡ

  This option is only available when running smbpasswd as root.
  ֻrootsmbpasswdʱſʹѡ 

  -d 
  This option specifies that the username following should be disabled in the 
  local smbpasswd file. This is done by writing a 'D' flag into the account 
  control space in the smbpasswd file. Once this is done all attempts to 
  authenticate via SMB using this username will fail.
  ѡûֹsmbpasswdļе˺šͨsmbpasswdļ˺
  Ʋд'D'־ʵܡһ˺űֹʹ˺SMB֤ĳԶ
  ʧܡ

  If the smbpasswd file is in the 'old' format (pre-Samba 2.0 format) there is 
  no space in the users password entry to write this information and so the user 
  is disabled by writing 'X' characters into the password space in the smbpasswd 
  file. See smbpasswd (5) for details on the 'old' and new password file 
formats.
  smbpasswdļϸʽĻ(samba 
  2.0֮ǰ汾)ûû˺ſƲֿκα־ֻsmbpasswd
  еĿֲд'X'ַﵽĿġڿļ¸ʽ;ɸʽϸڿԲμsmbpasswd 
  (5)

  This option is only available when running smbpasswd as root.
  ͬҲֻrootsmbpasswdʱſʹѡ

  -e 
  This option specifies that the username following should be enabled in the 
  local smbpasswd file, if the account was previously disabled. If the account 
  was not disabled this option has no effect. Once the account is enabled then 
  the user will be able to authenticate via SMB once again.
  ѡﵽĹܺһ෴ʹøʽͬ˺űֹʱʹ˺š
  ˺ŲδֹĻʹѡʲô(ϻ)˺Žʹûһοͨ
  ֤

  If the smbpasswd file is in the 'old' format then smbpasswd will prompt for a 
  new password for this user, otherwise the account will be enabled by removing 
  the 'D' flag from account control space in the smbpasswd file. See smbpasswd 
  (5) for details on the 'old' and new password file formats.
  ʹϸʽĿļʱ˺Żᱻʾһ¿ʹ¸ʽʱsmbpasswdļ
  ˺ſƲֵ'D' ־ڿļ¸ʽ;ɸʽϸڿԲμsmbpasswd (5)

  This option is only available when running smbpasswd as root.
  ֻrootsmbpasswdʱſʹѡ 

  -D debuglevel 
  debuglevel is an integer from 0 to 10. The default value if this parameter is 
  not specified is zero.
  ԼǸ010ֵָʱĬΪ0 

  The higher this value, the more detail will be logged to the log files about 
  the activities of smbpasswd. At level 0, only critical errors and serious 
  warnings will be logged.
  ֵԽߣ¼ԽsmbpasswdϡڰѵԼΪ0ʱֻ¼ؾ档 

  Levels above 1 will generate considerable amounts of log data, and should only 
  be used when investigating a problem. Levels above 3 are designed for use only 
  by developers and generate HUGE amounts of log data, most of which is 
  extremely cryptic.
  1ϵĵԼ൱ļ¼ݣֻоʱá3ϵĵԼֻΪÿ
  ʹòļ¼ݣкܶಿַǳ⡣ 

  -n 
  This option specifies that the username following should have their password 
  set to null (i.e. a blank password) in the local smbpasswd file. This is done 
  by writing the string "NO PASSWORD" as the first part of the first password 
  stored in the smbpasswd file.
  ѡû˺ŵĿΪ(տ)smbpasswdļпĵ
  һֶΪNO PASSWORD(һ£ǡNO PASSWORDXXXXXXXXXʽ)

  Note that to allow users to logon to a Samba server once the password has been 
  set to "NO PASSWORD" in the smbpasswd file the administrator must set the 
  following parameter in the [global] section of the smb.conf file :
  עϣûԿտ¼sambaԱsmb.confļ[global]
  Ĳ

  null passwords = true 
  This option is only available when running smbpasswd as root.
  ֻrootsmbpasswdʱſʹѡ 

  -r remote machine name 
  This option allows a user to specify what machine they wish to change their 
  password on. Without this parameter smbpasswd defaults to the local host. The 
  "remote machine name" is the NetBIOS name of the SMB/CIFS server to contact to 
  attempt the password change. This name is resolved into an IP address using 
  the standard name resolution mechanism in all programs of the Samba suite. See 
  the -R name resolve order parameter for details on changing this resolving 
  mechanism.
  ʹѡûָϣıô˲ʱĬ϶ԱظĿSMB/CIFS
  ͼԡremote machine nameΪNetBIOSֵԸĿSamba׼е
  гʹñ׼ֽתIPַμ-R name resolve order
  ıƵϸϢ

  The username whose password is changed is that of the current UNIX logged on 
  user. See the -U username parameter for details on changing the password for a 
  different username.
  ѡĵû˺žǵǰ¼UNIX˺šҪıûԲμ-U usernameе
  ϸڡ

  Note that if changing a Windows NT Domain password the remote machine 
  specified must be the Primary Domain Controller for the domain (Backup Domain 
  Controllers only have a read-only copy of the user account database and will 
  not allow the password change).
  ע⣬ҪıһNT˺ţָԶеΪֻάû
  ˺ݿֻܸġ

  Note that Windows 95/98 do not have a real password database so it is not 
  possible to change passwords specifying a Win95/98 machine as remote machine 
  target.
  עWindows 95/98ʵʸûпݿ⣬ԲܸԶWin95/98ϵĿ

  -R name resolve order 
  This option allows the user of smbclient to determine what name resolution 
  services to use when looking up the NetBIOS name of the host being connected 
  to.
  ѡʹsmbclientûڲѯNetBIOSʱʹֽ

  The options are :"lmhosts", "host", "wins" and "bcast". They cause names to be 
  resolved as follows :
  ַֽϣ 

    lmhosts : Lookup an IP address in the Samba lmhosts file.
    lmhostssambalmhostsļвѯIPַ

    host : Do a standard host name to IP address resolution, using the system 
    /etc/hosts, NIS, or DNS lookups. This method of name resolution is operating 
    system dependent. For instance on IRIX or Solaris, this may be controlled by 
    the /etc/nsswitch.conf file).
    hostʹñ׼IPַĽҪõϵͳе/etc/hostsļNISDNS
	ʹֽϵͳ˵IRIXSolarisϵͳУ/etc/nsswitch.confļᴦ
	Щ⡣

    wins : Query a name with the IP address listed in the wins server parameter 
    in the smb.conf file. If no WINS server has been specified this method will 
    be ignored.
    winssmb.confļ趨wins serverָWINSвѯָWINS
	Ļַᱻԡ

    bcast : Do a broadcast on each of the known local interfaces listed in the 
    interfaces parameter in the smb.conf file. This is the least reliable of the 
    name resolution methods as it depends on the target host being on a locally 
    connected subnet.
    bcastsmb.confļ趨interfacesгıؽӿϹ㲥ѯĿӵ
	ʱɿֽ

  If this parameter is not set then the name resolve order defined in the 
  smb.conf file parameter name resolve order will be used.
  ʹĻsmb.confļname resolve orderָĴֽ

  The default order is lmhosts, host, wins, bcast and without this parameter or 
  any entry in the smb.conf file the name resolution methods will be attempted 
  in this order.
  ĬϵĽlmhostshostwinsbcastڲʹûsmb.conf趨ֽ
  ½ʹĴн

  -m 
  This option tells smbpasswd that the account being changed is a MACHINE 
  account. Currently this is used when Samba is being used as an NT Primary 
  Domain Controller. PDC support is not a supported feature in Samba2.0 but will 
  become supported in a later release. If you wish to know more about using 
  Samba as an NT PDC then please subscribe to the mailing list 
  samba-ntdom@samba.org.
  smbpasswdѡ˺ŸΪһMACHINE˺šͨsambaΪNTʱʹ
  PDCsamba 2.0汾Ǹֵ֧ĹܣԺİ汾н֧֡Ҫ˽
  ڰsambaΪһNTԶsamba-ntdom@samba.orgʼб

  This option is only available when running smbpasswd as root.
  ֻrootsmbpasswdʱſʹѡ

  -j DOMAIN 
  This option is used to add a Samba server into a Windows NT Domain, as a 
  Domain member capable of authenticating user accounts to any Domain Controller 
  in the same way as a Windows NT Server. See the security=domain option in the 
  smb.conf (5) man page.
  ʹѡ԰sambaΪһNTһ֤û˺Ա뵽NTС
  μsmb.conf (5)ļеsecurity=domain

  In order to be used in this way, the Administrator for the Windows NT Domain 
  must have used the program "Server Manager for Domains" to add the primary 
  NetBIOS name of the Samba server as a member of the Domain.
  ΪʹѡNTԱáServer Manager for DomainsΪԱsamba
  ĳʼNetBIOS

  After this has been done, to join the Domain invoke smbpasswd with this 
  parameter. smbpasswd will then look up the Primary Domain Controller for the 
  Domain found in the smb.conf file in the parameter password server and change 
  the machine account password used to create the secure Domain communication. 
  This password is then stored by smbpasswd in a file, read only by root, called 
  <Domain>.<Machine>.mac where <Domain> is the name of the Domain we are joining 
  and <Machine> is the primary NetBIOS name of the machine we are running on.
  ⲽԺ󣬵ôsmbpasswd뵽Сsmbpasswdѯsmb.conf
  ļpassword serverָı˺ŵĿڽȫͨš
  smbpasswdһֻrootûɶΪ<Domain>.<Machine>.macļУ
  е<Domain>Ҫ<Machine>ǱNetBIOS֡ھĲɲμ
  DOMAIN_MEMBERе

  Once this operation has been performed the smb.conf file may be updated to set 
  the security=domain option and all future logins to the Samba server will be 
  authenticated to the Windows NT PDC.
  һִЩsmb.confļͰѰȫΪsecurity=domainжsamba
  ĵ¼NTPDC֤

  Note that even though the authentication is being done to the PDC all users 
  accessing the Samba server must still have a valid UNIX account on that 
  machine.
  עȻ֤PDCɣPDCеûҪsambaȻҪзϵĺ
  UNIX˺š 

  This option is only available when running smbpasswd as root. 
  ֻrootsmbpasswdʱſʹѡ

  -U username 
  This option may only be used in conjunction with the -r option. When changing 
  a password on a remote machine it allows the user to specify the user name on 
  that machine whose password will be changed. It is present to allow users who 
  have different user names on different systems to change these passwords. 
  ѡֻܺ-rѡʹáԶĿʱûָҪıԶ
  ˺šʹûڲͬϵͳʹòͬ˺ıЩ 

  -h 
  This option prints the help string for smbpasswd, selecting the correct one 
  for running as root or as an ordinary user. 
  ʹѡԴӡrootûͨûʹsmbpasswdİϢ 
   
  -s 
  This option causes smbpasswd to be silent (i.e. not issue prompts) and to read 
  it's old and new passwords from standard input, rather than from /dev/tty 
  (like the passwd (1) program does). This option is to aid people writing 
  scripts to drive smbpasswd 
  ʹѡʹsmbpasswdڱ׼϶ȡԭ¿ʱ־̬(粻ʾ)ʹñ
  /dev/tty϶(passwd(1))áʹýűsmbpasswdʱԿ 

  username 
  This specifies the username for all of the root only options to operate on. 
  Only root can specify this parameter as only root has the permission needed to 
  modify attributes directly in the local smbpasswd file. 
  ָûЩֻrootõĲҪõ˺šֻrootʹȨ
  ֱڱsmbpasswdļиԡ 
   
NOTES
ע
Since smbpasswd works in client-server mode communicating with a local smbd for 
a non-root user then the smbd daemon must be running for this to work. A common 
problem is to add a restriction to the hosts that may access the smbd running on 
the local machine by specifying a "allow hosts" or "deny hosts" entry in the 
smb.conf file and neglecting to allow "localhost" access to the smbd.
rootûsmbpasswdԿͻ-ģʽ뱾smbdͨʱʱsmbdػ֮С
ڱеsmbdͨsmb.confļָallow hostsdeny hosts
localhostsmbdķԷʵһơ

In addition, the smbpasswd command is only useful if Samba has been set up to 
use encrypted passwords. See the file ENCRYPTION.txt in the docs directory for 
details on how to do this.
smbpasswdֻѾsambaʹüܿʱܷáϸһdocsĿ¼е
ENCRYPTION.txt

VERSION
汾
This man page is correct for version 2.0 of the Samba suite.
ֲҳsamba׼汾2.0ġ   

AUTHOR

The original Samba software and related utilities were created by Andrew 
Tridgell samba-bugs@samba.org. Samba is now developed by the Samba Team as an 
Open Source project similar to the way the Linux kernel is developed.
sambaعAndrew Tridgell samba-bugs@samba.orgsambaɿΪ
Linuxں˿õĿԴƻʽչ 

The original Samba man pages were written by Karl Auer. The man page sources 
were converted to YODL format (another excellent piece of Open Source software, 
available at ftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/) and updated for the Samba2.0 
release by Jeremy Allison. samba-bugs@samba.org.
sambaֲҳKarl 
Auer׫дԴѱתYODL(һּõĿԴftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/
)ʽJeremy Allisonµsamba2.0汾 

See samba (7) to find out how to get a full list of contributors and details on 
how to submit bug reports, comments etc.
μsamba (7)λһάбԼύ󱨸漰עȵȡ

[İά] meaculpa email:meaculpa@21cn.com
[İ¸] 2000/12/08
MAN-PAGEƻ:http://www.cmpp.net/